Propane for outdoor heaters is a straightforward and affordable way to extend enjoyable outdoor time, especially when the weather cools. Understanding the basics of propane tanks and their usage ensures safe, efficient, and budget-friendly warmth for your patio or deck.
When the evenings get a bit chilly, that perfect patio gathering doesn’t have to end. Many of us love spending time outdoors, even when the temperature dips. One of the best ways to keep those moments cozy is with a propane outdoor heater. But if you’re new to this, you might wonder, “What do I need to know about propane for my heater?” It can seem a little daunting at first, but don’t worry! We’ll walk through everything you need to know in simple steps. Getting this right means more comfortable evenings and a warmer outdoor living space, all without a huge hassle or expense. Let’s dive in and make your outdoor area the go-to spot for warmth and good times!
Why Propane is Your Patio’s Best Friend
Propane is a fantastic fuel source for outdoor heaters for several reasons. It’s readily available, relatively clean-burning, and portable, making it ideal for keeping your patio or deck warm and inviting. Unlike electricity, which can be limited by outdoor outlets or extension cords, propane offers true freedom and flexibility. Plus, when you understand how to manage your propane supply efficiently, it’s a very affordable heating solution.
The Magic of Propane Tanks
The heart of your propane-powered outdoor heater is the propane tank. These tanks, often called “LP-gas cylinders,” store the propane in a liquid form under pressure. When you turn on your heater, the propane is released, vaporizes, and burns to create heat.
Standard Sizes: The most common propane tank size for residential outdoor heaters is the 20-pound (or 5-gallon) cylinder. These are the same tanks commonly used for backyard grills. They are a convenient size, easy to lift and transport, and widely available for exchange or refill.
Larger Tanks: For very heavy users or for larger heating setups, larger tanks might be an option, but for most patio heaters, the 20-pounder is the standard.
Understanding Propane Efficiency: How Long Will It Last?
One of the biggest questions for any user is: “How long will a propane tank last?” This depends on a few key factors, primarily your heater’s BTU output and how high you run it. BTU stands for British Thermal Unit, which is a measure of heat energy. Higher BTU ratings mean more heat, but also faster propane consumption.
Here’s a general idea of what to expect:
| Heater BTU Output | Approximate Burn Time on a 20lb Tank (20 lbs propane holds about 4.7 gallons) |
| :—————- | :————————————————————————— |
| 40,000 BTU | ~8-10 hours (on high) |
| 30,000 BTU | ~10-12 hours (on high) |
| 20,000 BTU | ~15-20 hours (on high) |
Keep in mind these are estimates. Running your heater on a lower setting will significantly extend the burn time. For example, a 40,000 BTU heater run on medium might last 12-15 hours.
Calculating Your Propane Needs: A Simple Approach
To figure out how much propane you’ll need, consider:
1. How often will you use the heater? Are we talking about a few hours each weekend, or every evening for a few months?
2. What’s the average temperature you’ll be heating in? Colder weather might require higher settings.
3. What’s the BTU rating of your heater? Check the heater’s manual or label.
For occasional use on mild evenings, one or two 20-pound tanks might be plenty for a season. For frequent use in colder climates, you might want to keep an extra tank on rotation.
Getting Your Propane: Refill vs. Exchange
When your propane tank runs empty, you have two main options for getting it filled up again: refilling or exchanging. Both have their pros and cons.
Propane Tank Exchange Programs
Many gas stations, hardware stores, and convenience stores offer propane tank exchange programs.
How it works: You bring your empty tank, pay a fee, and pick up a pre-filled tank. The old tank is then reconditioned and refilled by the service provider.
Pros:
Convenience: Usually quick and easy, located in many convenient spots.
No waiting: You get a full tank immediately.
Reconditioned tanks: You typically get a newer, possibly reconditioned tank.
Cons:
Cost: Often more expensive per pound of propane than refilling.
Fixed amount: You pay a fixed price, regardless of how much propane was in your old tank. You could have had a little left, but you still pay the full exchange price.
Quality Control: While generally safe, you have less control over the refilling process.
Propane Tank Refilling Stations
You can also take your empty tank to a dedicated propane refilling station. These might be at propane dealers, some hardware stores, or even RV parks.
How it works: You bring your empty tank, and they fill it by weight or volume. You pay for the exact amount of propane you receive.
Pros:
Cost-effective: Generally cheaper per pound of propane.
Pay for what you use: You only pay for the propane you get, even if your old tank had some left.
Environmental benefit: Less energy used compared to decanting into a new cylinder.
Cons:
Less convenient: You need to find a dedicated station.
Waiting time: You might have to wait while they fill your tank.
Tank inspection: Some stations may refuse to fill older or damaged tanks for safety reasons.
A Note on Safety: Always ensure your propane tank is in good condition. Check for dents, rust, or damaged valves. If you’re unsure, it’s best to exchange it for a newer one or consult a professional propane dealer. The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) mandates strict regulations for propane tank safety and re-qualification, ensuring they remain safe for consumers. You can learn more about these standards from resources like the Propane Education & Research Council (PERC).
Essential Accessories for Your Propane Heater
Beyond the propane tank itself, a few accessories can enhance your outdoor heating experience and ensure safety.
Propane Hoses and Regulators
Your heater will come with a hose and regulator, but it’s good to know what they do.
Regulator: This crucial device controls the flow of propane from the tank to the heater, reducing the high-pressure liquid propane from the tank to a safe, usable gas pressure for the burner.
Hose: Connects the regulator to the heater. Always ensure it’s in good condition, free from cracks or kinks.
Where to find them: Reputable hardware stores, propane suppliers, and online retailers carry replacement hoses and regulators. Always match the fittings to your heater and tank.
Protective Covers
When your heater isn’t in use, a protective cover is essential.
Keeps it clean: Protects from dust, dirt, and the elements.
Prevents rust: Especially important if you live in a humid or coastal area.
Extends lifespan: A cover helps your heater look and function better for longer.
You can find these covers at most stores that sell outdoor heaters or online. Look for one specifically designed for your heater model or size.
Propane Tank Carts or Dollies
If you have to wheel your tank around often, a propane tank cart can be a lifesaver. These simple wheeled devices make moving a heavy 20-pound tank much easier.
Safety First: Propane Heater Best Practices
Propane heaters are safe when used correctly, but safety should always be your top priority.
Here are a few key safety tips:
Location, Location, Location:
Always place heaters on a stable, level surface.
Keep heaters at least 3 feet away from any combustible materials, including walls, furniture, plants, and overhangs.
Never operate a heater indoors or in an enclosed space like a garage (unless it’s specifically designed for indoor use with a different fuel source and ventilation). Carbon monoxide buildup is a serious risk.
Check for Leaks:
Before connecting a propane tank, ensure the tank valve is closed.
After connecting, turn the tank valve on slowly and check for leaks. You can use a soapy water solution – apply it to the connections, and if you see bubbles forming, there’s a leak. Turn off the gas immediately and re-tighten or replace the faulty connection.
Learn more about portable propane heater safety from official safety guidelines.
Don’t Tamper: Never try to modify the heater or its components.
Supervise: Keep an eye on children and pets around the heater.
Shut Off Properly: Always turn off the gas at the tank valve when the heater is not in use.
Weather Awareness: Avoid using propane heaters in excessively windy conditions, as this can affect efficiency and safety.
Storage: Store propane tanks upright and in a well-ventilated area, away from heat sources or open flames. Store empty tanks with the valve closed.
Troubleshooting Common Propane Heater Issues
Even with the best care, you might run into a minor hiccup. Here are a few common problems and how to solve them:
| Problem | Potential Cause | Solution |
| :————————————- | :——————————————– | :—————————————————————————————————————– |
| Heater won’t ignite or stay lit | Empty propane tank | Replace or refill the tank. |
| | Regulator issue | Ensure the regulator is properly connected and not damaged. Try turning the tank valve on slowly. |
| | Clogged burner or pilot assembly | Refer to your heater’s manual for cleaning instructions. Professional cleaning might be needed if severe. |
| | Low ambient temperature | Propane can become less efficient in very cold weather (below freezing). |
| Low heat output | Partially full tank | Check the propane level. |
| | Heater running on low setting | Turn the control knob to a higher setting. |
| | Clogged burner holes | Clean the burner assembly as per the manual. |
| | Regulator not working correctly | Check the regulator for damage or try a new one. |
| Gas smell when not in use | Tank valve not closed completely | Ensure the tank valve is fully closed. |
| | Leaking connection somewhere | Perform a leak test with soapy water. If a leak is found, tighten or replace the faulty part. If smell persists, stop use and call a professional. |
| Pilot light won’t stay lit | Thermocouple issue | The thermocouple might need replacement. This is a common part to fail. |
| | Draft affecting pilot light | Ensure the heater is not in a drafty area. |
| | Gas flow to pilot is weak | Check for blockages in the pilot line. |
Important: If you smell a strong or persistent gas odor, immediately turn off the gas at the tank, ventilate the area, and do not operate any electrical switches or create sparks. Contact a qualified propane service technician or your local fire department if the smell is strong.
Making Propane Affordable for Your Outdoor Space
Propane for outdoor heaters is already a budget-friendly option, but you can stretch your dollar even further with a few smart strategies:
Buy in Bulk (for refills): Purchasing larger quantities of propane during refills at a dealer who charges by volume can be cheaper per gallon than exchanging small tanks frequently.
Shop Around for Refills: Prices for propane refills can vary between different exchange programs and refilling stations. Compare prices in your area to find the best deal. A quick search for “propane refill near me” can often reveal service providers.
Use Strategically: Don’t run your heater on high all the time if you don’t need to. Adjust the heat setting based on the actual temperature and how many people are gathered. Even a slight reduction can significantly extend burn time.
Consider a Propane Tank Monitor: These small devices attach to your tank and can give you an estimated fuel level via a smartphone app. While an initial investment, it helps prevent running out unexpectedly and allows you to plan refills more efficiently, potentially saving you from last-minute, pricier exchanges.
Maintain Your Heater: A well-maintained heater is an efficient heater. Regular cleaning of burners and ensuring all parts are in good working order helps it run at peak performance, using fuel optimally.
Invest in Insulation (if applicable): If you have a covered patio, consider adding some simple insulation or windbreaks. This helps retain heat better, meaning your heater doesn’t have to work as hard.
By being mindful of your usage and where you get your propane, you can keep your outdoor space warm and welcoming without breaking the bank.
Frequent Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. How often should I check my propane tank for leaks?
It’s a good practice to check for leaks every time you connect a propane tank to your heater, and periodically throughout the season. A simple way is to mix a solution of dish soap and water, apply it to the valve and connection points, and look for bubbles. If you see any, turn off the gas immediately and address the issue.
2. Can I use a propane tank indoors?
Absolutely not. Standard propane outdoor heaters and their tanks are designed for outdoor use only. Burning propane releases carbon monoxide (CO), a colorless, odorless, and deadly gas. Indoor use can lead to dangerous CO buildup. Always ensure your heater is in a well-ventilated outdoor area.
3. How do I know when my propane tank is almost empty?
The most common sign is a gradual decrease in heat output. You might also notice the flame becoming smaller or flickering. Some newer propane tanks come with built-in gauges, or you can purchase an external one. For an estimate, you can also carefully pour hot water down the side of the tank; the condensation will form on the cooler, unburnt side, indicating the fuel level.
4. What happens to propane in very cold weather?
Propane’s performance can decrease in extremely cold temperatures (typically below 0°F or -18°C). The liquid propane may not vaporize efficiently into gas, leading to reduced heat output or even the heater shutting off. If you need to use your heater in very cold weather, ensure your tank is full and consider using a larger tank, as larger tanks tend to vaporize more readily.
5. Can I use a propane heater on a windy day?
While many patio heaters are designed to withstand moderate breezes, strong winds can affect their operation and safety. Wind can blow out the pilot light or main burner, reduce the heater’s effectiveness by dissipating heat too quickly, and can pose a tipping hazard. It’s best to avoid using your propane heater in very windy conditions.
6. What is the lifespan of a propane tank?
Propane tanks have a lifespan determined by their manufacturing date and periodic re-qualification. Tanks generally need to be re-qualified every 10 or 12 years, depending on the type and regulations. You’ll see a re-qualification date stamped on the tank. Propane dealers and exchange programs will usually not fill tanks beyond their re-qualification date.
Conclusion
Using propane for your outdoor heater is a simple, effective, and affordable way to keep your patio or deck warm and inviting. We’ve covered the basics of propane tanks, how long they last, the best ways to get them refilled or exchanged, and essential safety tips to ensure you can enjoy your outdoor space with peace of mind. Remember to always prioritize safety by placing your heater appropriately, checking for leaks, and never using it indoors. With a little understanding and mindful usage, your propane heater will be a reliable source of warmth, allowing you to extend those wonderful outdoor moments well into the cooler seasons. Happy heating!
