Quick Summary:
Choosing extra large pots for trees outdoors is simple with this guide. We cover size, material, drainage, and placement to ensure your tree thrives in its new stylish container home. Learn the essential tips for happy trees and a beautiful garden.
Growing trees in pots outdoors can bring towering beauty and greenery to spaces where planting directly in the ground isn’t an option. But choosing the right pot, especially an extra large one for a tree, can feel a bit daunting for beginners. It’s a common puzzle: how big is big enough? What material is best? Where do I even start? Don’t worry, we’re going to break it all down. This guide is designed to make selecting and using outdoors extra large pots for trees easy and enjoyable. Get ready to give your trees the spacious, stylish homes they deserve!
Why Choose Outdoors Extra Large Pots for Trees?
There are many fantastic reasons to grow trees in containers outdoors. Perhaps you live in an apartment with a balcony or patio, or maybe your yard has rocky soil or underground utilities that make digging impossible. Whatever your situation, extra large pots offer a brilliant solution. They allow you to:
- Add vertical interest and focal points to patios, decks, or smaller yards.
- Control the soil environment, which is especially helpful for acidic-loving plants like hydrangeas or certain maples.
- Easily move trees to follow the sun, protect them from harsh weather, or change your landscape design.
- Introduce specimen trees that might otherwise be too large for your garden space.
- Extend your growing season by bringing tender trees indoors during winter.
The key to success lies in selecting pots that are genuinely large enough to accommodate the tree’s root system and provide stability as it grows.
Understanding Tree Root Systems and Pot Size
Trees, even when young, develop extensive root systems. These roots are essential for anchoring the tree and absorbing water and nutrients. When a tree is planted in a pot that’s too small, its roots will quickly become pot-bound. This means the roots will circle the pot, suffocating each other and hindering the tree’s ability to take up water and nutrients. Over time, this leads to stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and a generally unhealthy tree.
For outdoors extra large pots for trees, “large” is an understatement. You need to think significantly bigger than you might for a shrub or perennial. A general rule of thumb is to choose a pot that is at least twice the width of the tree’s current root ball and at least 1.5 times its depth. However, for trees intended to grow larger, always err on the side of caution and go bigger.
Consider the mature size of the tree you are planting. A dwarf fruit tree might eventually need a pot that’s 25 gallons or larger, while a small ornamental tree might require 50 gallons or even more, especially if you want it to thrive for many years before needing to be repotted. It’s much easier to start with a larger pot and manage watering than to constantly up-pot a tree that’s quickly outgrowing its container.
For specific size recommendations, it’s always best to research the mature root system of the tree species you choose. Reputable gardening resources, such as those from university extension offices, can provide excellent insights. For example, planting a young Japanese Maple in a pot that’s 18-24 inches in diameter and depth is a good starting point, but be prepared to move it to a larger container (30-36 inches or more) as it matures over several years.
Essential Features of Outdoors Extra Large Pots for Trees
Beyond just size, several other features are crucial for the health and longevity of your tree in a container:
1. Drainage is Non-Negotiable
This is perhaps the MOST important feature. Trees in pots are highly susceptible to root rot if their roots sit in stagnant water. Your extra large pot MUST have ample drainage holes. Look for pots with multiple large holes at the bottom. If a pot only has a few small holes, consider drilling more to ensure adequate drainage. A layer of gravel at the bottom is generally NOT recommended anymore, as it can create a perched water table that actually hinders drainage. Instead, ensure good airflow and drainage through the soil mix and the pot’s holes.
2. Material Matters
The material of your pot affects its weight, durability, insulation, and aesthetics. For outdoors extra large pots for trees, common materials include:
- Terracotta/Clay: Beautiful and breathable, allowing roots to “breathe.” However, they are heavy, can crack in freezing temperatures, and dry out quickly.
- Plastic/Resin: Lightweight, affordable, and durable. Can be less aesthetically pleasing and may degrade in sunlight over time. Lighter colors are better to prevent overheating.
- Fiberglass/Composite: Lightweight, very durable, and can mimic the look of stone or terracotta. Excellent insulation properties. Often a premium choice.
- Wood: Natural and attractive. Can rot over time if not treated or made of rot-resistant wood like cedar or redwood. Can be custom-made to any size.
- Metal: Stylish but can get very hot in direct sun, potentially damaging roots. Needs to be lined or placed strategically.
- Glazed Ceramic: Beautiful and decorative, but can be heavy and prone to cracking in winter if not frost-proof. Ensure good drainage.
For extra large pots, consider the weight. If you anticipate needing to move the pot, lightweight materials like plastic, resin, or fiberglass are excellent choices. Wood offers a customizable and natural look, while terracotta provides excellent breathability but requires more watering.
3. Stability and Weight
An extra large pot with a tree will be very heavy, especially when watered. Choose a pot that is stable and won’t tip over in wind. Wider, shallower pots are generally more stable than tall, narrow ones. If stability is a concern, consider placing the pot on a heavy, stable plant stand or anchoring it securely.
4. Depth for Root Growth
While width is crucial for root spreading, depth is also important for anchoring and providing enough substrate for healthy root development. Again, aim for a depth that’s at least 1.5 times the root ball of your tree.
Choosing the Right Tree for Container Planting
Not all trees are created equal when it comes to container life. Some trees simply won’t adapt well to being pot-bound, even in large containers. It’s wise to select species that are known to perform well in containers or that naturally stay more compact.
Here are some categories and examples of trees that do well in outdoors extra large pots for trees:
- Dwarf Fruit Trees: Many varieties (apples, pears, peaches, figs) are grafted onto dwarfing rootstock and are perfect for containers.
- Ornamental Trees:
- Japanese Maples (especially smaller cultivars)
- Dwarf Conifers
- Fuchsias (tree form)
- Citrus Trees (lemons, limes, kumquats)
- Crepe Myrtles (dwarf and semi-dwarf varieties)
- Hibiscus (tree form)
- Columnar Trees: These have a narrow, upright growth habit, taking up less horizontal space.
- Columnar Apple Trees
- Some varieties of Lombardy Poplar (though they can eventually outgrow large pots)
- Sky Pencil Holly (evergreen, very narrow)
When selecting your tree, also consider its climate zone and whether it requires a dormancy period. Trees that need a cold winter rest will need protection or must be suitable for your climate’s winter conditions, even in a pot.
Step-by-Step: Planting Your Tree in an Extra Large Pot
Now for the exciting part – planting! Follow these steps to ensure your tree gets off to a great start in its new, spacious home.
Step 1: Gather Your Supplies
Before you begin, make sure you have everything on hand:
- Your chosen extra large pot
- Your tree
- High-quality potting mix (NOT garden soil)
- Gardening gloves
- A trowel or small shovel
- A watering can or hose
- Optional: Pot feet or casters for drainage and mobility
Step 2: Prepare the Pot
If your pot doesn’t have drainage holes, now is the time to drill them. If it does, ensure they are clear. For extra insurance against soil escaping, you can place a piece of plastic mesh screen over the drainage holes. Avoid putting rocks or gravel at the bottom – it’s unnecessary and can impede drainage.
If you are using a very large pot, consider placing it on pot feet or a wheeled plant caddy. This elevates the pot, improving drainage and airflow and making it easier to move later on. You can find sturdy, weather-resistant options from reputable garden supply stores or online retailers.
Step 3: Add Potting Mix
Fill the bottom of the pot with a few inches of your potting mix. The exact amount will depend on the size of your tree’s root ball.
It’s crucial to use a potting mix specifically designed for containers. Garden soil compacts too easily in pots, suffocating roots and preventing proper drainage. Look for a light, well-draining mix that contains ingredients like peat moss, coco coir, perlite, and compost.
Step 4: Position the Tree
Gently remove the tree from its nursery pot. If the roots are tightly wound (pot-bound), gently loosen them with your fingers or a clean knife. You want to encourage outward root growth, not continued circling.
Place the tree in the center of the extra large pot. The top of the root ball should be about 1-2 inches below the rim of the pot. This space allows for watering without overflow.
Step 5: Fill in with Potting Mix
Begin adding more potting mix around the root ball, gently firming it with your hands as you go. Ensure there are no large air pockets. Continue filling until the potting mix is level with the top of the root ball, maintaining that 1-2 inch space below the pot rim.
Step 6: Water Thoroughly
Once planted, water the tree deeply and slowly. Water until you see it draining freely from the bottom holes. This helps settle the soil around the roots and removes any remaining air pockets.
Step 7: Mulch (Optional but Recommended)
Add a 1-2 inch layer of organic mulch (like bark chips or compost) on top of the soil, keeping it an inch or two away from the trunk of the tree. Mulch helps retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weeds.
Ongoing Care for Trees in Extra Large Pots
Container-grown trees have different needs than those in the ground. Regular, attentive care is essential.
Watering
Container trees dry out much faster than in-ground trees. Check the soil moisture regularly by sticking your finger about 2 inches into the soil. Water deeply when the top layer feels dry. The frequency will depend on the pot size, material, weather, and tree type. In hot, dry conditions, you might need to water daily.
A useful resource for understanding plant watering needs, even in containers, can be found through cooperative extension systems, such as the Penn State Extension on turfgrass watering which provides principles applicable to all plant watering.
Fertilizing
Potting mix has limited nutrients, and frequent watering leaches them out. Feed your tree with a balanced liquid fertilizer or a slow-release granular fertilizer formulated for trees and shrubs according to package directions. Fertilizing is typically done during the growing season (spring through early fall).
Pruning
Prune to maintain the desired shape, remove dead or crossing branches, and encourage good airflow. Remember that trees in pots are generally easier to keep at a manageable size with regular pruning.
Winter Protection
In colder climates (zones 5 and below), extra large pots can pose a risk to tree roots. The soil can freeze solid. To protect your tree:
- Move pots to a sheltered location, such as against a house wall or in an unheated garage or shed.
- Wrap the pot in burlap or bubble wrap to insulate it.
- Ensure the soil doesn’t dry out completely during winter; water sparingly during warmer spells.
- Burying the pot outdoors can also be an effective method.
Repotting
Even in extra large pots, trees will eventually outgrow them. Signs include roots growing out of the drainage holes, slower growth, and the need for more frequent watering. Typically, a tree might need repotting every 3-5 years. When repotting, move up to a pot that is 2-4 inches larger in diameter and depth.
Pros and Cons of Outdoors Extra Large Pots for Trees
Here’s a quick summary to help you weigh your options:
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
| Adds architectural interest and verticality to any space. | Can be very heavy to move, especially when planted. |
| Allows for controlled soil conditions. | Require more frequent watering than in-ground plants. |
| Suitable for patios, balconies, and areas with poor ground soil. | Nutrients leach out faster, requiring regular feeding. |
| Can offer mobility to follow sun or avoid harsh weather/winter. | Roots are more exposed to temperature fluctuations. |
| Can help manage tree size and growth. | Risk of root damage or freezing in winter in colder climates. |
| Enhances the aesthetic appeal of an outdoor living area. | Initial cost of the large pot can be significant. |
Creative Ideas for Using Extra Large Pots with Trees
Don’t just think of these pots as functional; they are also design elements! Here are some inspiring ways to use outdoors extra large pots for trees:
- Entryway Statement: Place a pair of matching pots with elegant trees (like a columnar cypress or a small Japanese maple) on either side of your front door for a grand welcome.
- Privacy Screens: Use a row of large pots with fast-growing, bushy trees or tall ornamental grasses to create a living screen on a patio or deck, blocking unwanted views or wind.
- Focal Points: Plant a striking specimen tree (like a weeping fig or a dwarf acacia) in a beautiful, decorative pot as a central feature in your garden or on a patio.
- Defining Spaces: Use large pots to visually divide outdoor living areas, such as separating a dining space from a lounging area on a large deck.
- Seasonal Color: Choose deciduous trees that offer seasonal interest – vibrant spring blooms, lush summer foliage, stunning autumn colors, or interesting bark in winter.
Consider the long-term maintenance and how the pot will fit into your overall garden design as the tree grows. A well-chosen tree in a beautiful extra large pot can transform a simple outdoor space into an inviting oasis.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: How do I know if a pot is “extra large” enough for a tree?
An “extra large” pot for a tree is generally considered to be at least 15-20 gallons in volume for smaller, young trees or dwarf varieties, and 25-50 gallons or more for more mature or larger specimens. The key is to ensure the pot is at least twice the width and 1.5 times the depth of the tree’s current root ball.
Q2: Can I use garden soil in my outdoor pots for trees?
No, it’s best to use a high-quality potting mix specifically designed for containers. Garden soil compacts easily, preventing proper drainage and aeration, which can lead to root rot and unhealthy plants.
Q3: How often should I water a tree in an extra large pot?
This varies greatly depending on weather, pot material, and tree type. As a general rule, check the soil moisture daily by inserting your finger 2 inches deep. Water thoroughly when the top inch or two feels dry. Container plants dry out much faster than those in the ground.
Q4: What happens if my tree’s roots become “pot-bound”?
Pot-bound roots will circle the inside of the pot, eventually choking themselves and preventing the tree from absorbing adequate water and nutrients. This leads to stunted growth, yellow leaves, and a weakened plant. Gently loosening roots before planting and repotting as needed helps prevent this.
Q5: Do I need to bring my potted tree indoors for winter?
It depends on your climate and the hardiness of the tree. In colder zones, roots in pots are more vulnerable to freezing. You may need to move pots to a sheltered location,
